A Roadmap for Cyber Secure Biological Systems
This website is dedicated to documenting peer-reviewed published work in microfluidics, engineered biology, and electronics, particularly in their applications across healthcare, environmental monitoring, remediation, and agriculture. Our objective is to curate a comprehensive collection of research papers showcasing engineered systems that use these technologies in practical combinations and have been physically built, tested, and measured. In addition, we will provide the latest developments, roadmaps, technical insights, and emerging trends at the intersection of these dynamic fields.
To assist us in maintaining an up-to-date paper collection, kindly contribute your papers in the fields of microfluidics, engineered biology, and electronics using our submission form.
Pure-engineered biological systems use precisely engineered biological components, such as microbes, mammalian cells, or cell-free systems, to perform specific functions through controlled gene expression, without integrating non-biological technologies.
Hybrid-engineered biological systems combine biological components with non-biological technologies like microfluidics, electronics, and nanomaterials to enhance performance, enable real-time monitoring, and improve functionalities for various applications.


WebFig 1: This flow chart offers guidance on classifying these engineered systems and identifying their most practical applications. Mouse over to system classifications (A to F) and decision points for their definitions.
*Filter the data table below using the engineered system classification and scroll down to view the filtering results.
WebFig 2: This Venn diagram categorizes research papers into the fields of microfluidics, engineered biology, electronics, or any combination thereof. Mouse over to El, IC, Bio, and uF for their definitions.
*Filter the data table below using the Venn diagram for different fields and scroll down to view the filtering results.
WebFig 3: This dynamic graph illustrates how published papers on various engineered system classifications are interconnected through citations.
*Highlight the entry in the data table using the graph and scroll down to view the highlighted result.
WebFig 4: This radar chart compares engineered system classifications based on key performance metrics: precision, deployability, cost-effectiveness, reuse, and integration level. Mouse over to radar chart metrics for their definitions.
*Filter the data table below using the area for different classifications and scroll down to view the filtering results.

WebFig 5: These 3D technology maps showcase examples of cutting-edge advancements in microfluidic and electronic technologies, illustrating how ongoing research pushes the boundaries of design possibilities. This figure currently represents only the following example papers [12, 13, 85, 89, 115, 125, 128, 132, 135, 150]. Newly added papers will be included in the plots during future updates.
*Axes label definitions are available on our submission form.
WebFig 6: This dynamic pie chart provides a visual representation of the percentage distribution across various engineered biological system classifications.